Glossary

A residence permit issued by the authorities of an EU Member State after a single application procedure allowing a third-country national to reside legally in its territory for the purpose of work.

Derived by EMN from Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive)

A procedure leading, on the basis of a single application made by a third-country national, or by their employer , for the authorisation of residence and work in the territory of a Member State, to a decision ruling on that application for the single permit.

Art. 2(d) of Directive 2011/98/EU (Single Permit Directive)

A further application for international protection made after a final decision has been taken on a previous application, including cases where the applicant has explicitly withdrawn their application and cases where the determining authority has rejected an application following its implicit withdrawal in accordance with Art. 28 (1) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive).

Art. 2(q) of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)

The movement of migrants, including refugees and asylum seekers, who for different reasons move from the country in which they first arrived to seek protection or permanent resettlement elsewhere.

Derived by EMN from UNHCR Executive Committee (ExCom): Conclusion No 58 (1989)

A person who moves to a country other than that of their usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases where the movement to that country is for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.

The authorisation or decision of an EU Member State with a view to transit through or an intended stay on the territory of one or more or all the EU Member States of a duration of no more than 90 days in any 180-day period.

Movement of individuals who change their country of usual residence for a period of at least three months but less than a year (12 months) except in cases where the movement to that country is for purposes of recreation, holiday, visits to friends or relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.

An agreement between some EU Member States and some neighbouring non-Member States to gradually remove controls at their common borders and introduce freedom of movement for all nationals of the signatory Member States, other EU Member States or third countries.

Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis

The rules governing border control of persons crossing the external EU borders of the EU Member States.

Derived by the EMN from Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code)

Legislation supplementing the Schengen Agreement and laying down the arrangements and safeguards for implementing freedom of movement.

Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis

A joint information system that enables the relevant authorities in each EU Member State, by means of an automated search procedure, to have access to alerts on persons and property for the purposes of border checks and other police and customs checks carried out within the country in accordance with national law and, for some specific categories of alerts (Art. 96), for the purposes of issuing visas, residence permits and the administration of legislation on aliens in the context of the application of the provisions of the Schengen Convention relating to the movement of persons.

Derived by EMN from the Schengen acquis

The recognition by an EU Member State of a third-country national or a stateless person as a person eligible for subsidiary protection.

Art. 2(g) of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive)

The protection given to a third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of this Directive do not apply, and is unable or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.

Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive)

Person considered to be a refugee (according to the criteria of Art. 1A(I) of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol) under the provision of the international instruments preceding the Geneva Convention of 1951 or a person who has been recognised as a refugee by the former International Refugee Organisation during the period of its activities.

Derived by EMN from the UNHCR International Thesaurus of Refugee Terminology

In the EU migration context, a third-country national admitted to the territory of a EU Member State to follow a recognised programme of secondary education in the context of an exchange scheme operated by an organisation recognised for that purpose by the Member State in accordance with its national legislation or administrative practice.

A migrant who for reasons beyond their control has been unintentionally forced to stay in a country.

The biological characteristics of a person, predominantly female or male.

A forum for the exchange of information amongst the EU Member States, consisting of senior officials in the fields of asylum, immigration and frontiers, which aims to implement a European Union strategic approach to matters related to asylum, immigration and frontiers.

According to this concept, everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of themselves and of their families, including food, clothing, housing and medical care, and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond their control (Art. 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights).

A child under 18 years of age who is outside their country of origin and separated from both parents or their previous legal / customary primary caregiver.

A child may be totally alone while another may be living with extended family members. All such children are separated children and entitled to international protection under a broad range of international and regional instruments.

Person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law.

The definition also includes a person whose nationality is not established.

A person who was born in and is residing in a country that at least one of their parents previously entered as a migrant.

In the EU migration context, a third-country national accepted by an establishment of higher education and admitted to the territory of an EU Member State to pursue as their main activity a full-time course of study leading to a higher education qualification recognised by the EU Member State, including diplomas, certificates or doctoral degrees, which may cover a preparatory course prior to such education according to its national legislation.

A five-year political, strategic document describing the focus of cooperation in the policy areas of justice and home affairs of the EU Member States for the years 2010 to 2014.

A consequence of an appeal, which suspends the enforceability of a challenged decision allowing the appellant to remain in a host country pending the outcome.

The movement of a person or a group of persons who initiate and proceed with their migration plans without any outside assistance.

The practice whereby workers are given pay and / or working and living conditions which are sub-standard compared to those specified by law or collective agreements in the relevant labour market, or otherwise prevalent there.

Derived by EMN from the Norwegian Regulations regarding workers from the new EU Member States

Transfers, in cash or in kind, by social protection schemes to households and individuals to relieve them of the burden of one or more of the risks defined in the European Commission’s Mutual Information System on Social Protection.

In the EU-context, a framework for national strategy development, as well as for policy coordination between the EU Member States, on issues relating to tackling poverty and social exclusion.

Developed by EMN from the website of the European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

In the EU context, a situation whereby a person is prevented (or excluded) from contributing to and benefiting from economic and social progress.

A right to which every member of society is entitled to realise through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organisation and resources of each state, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for their dignity and the free development of their personality.

A third-country national who retains their principal place of residence in a third country and stays legally and temporarily in the territory of an EU Member State to carry out an activity dependent on the passing of the seasons, under one or more fixed-term work contracts concluded directly between that third-country national and the employer established in that EU Member State.

This term is specifically referring to a third-country national, although it is known that other types of seasonal workers exist, e.g. for nationals within the same country, as well as intra-EU seasonal workers.

The act by which a (natural or legal) person separates other persons on the basis of race, colour, language, religion, nationality or national or ethnic origin without an objective and reasonable justification.

A person who is the sole or joint owner of the unincorporated enterprise (one that has not been incorporated, i.e. formed into a legal corporation) in which they work, unless they are also in paid employment which is their main activity.

A country where, on the basis of the legal situation, the application of the law within a democratic system and the general political circumstances, it can be shown that there is generally and consistently no persecution as defined in Art. 9 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), no torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and no threat by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict.

Annex 1 of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive)