Glossary

The principle that the nationality of a person is determined on the basis of their country of birth.

EUDO Online Glossary on Citizenship and Nationality

Employment of a legally staying third-country national working outside the conditions of their residence permit and / or without a work permit. which is is subject to each EU Member State’s national law.

An intergovernmental organisation in the field of migration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people.

Website of the International Organisation of Migration

A person or groups of persons who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State border.

Art. 2 of UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, 1998

The process of confirming and characterising a situation of trafficking in human beings for further implementation of support.

Derived by EMN from Varandas, I. & J. Martins: Signalling Identification Integration of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: Construction of a Guide, 2007

A person who has been formally identified as a victim of trafficking in human beings according to the relevant formal authority in EU Member States.

A situation in which an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice would put persons of a racial or ethnic origin at a particular disadvantage compared with other persons, unless that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and necessary.

Economic activity carried out in violation of provisions set by legislation.

The presence on the territory of an EU Member State, of a third-country national who does not fulfil, or no longer fulfils the conditions of entry as set out in Art. 5 of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) or other conditions for entry, stay or residence in that EU Member State.

The European Commission favours nowadays the term ‘irregular stay’ (e.g. see: DG HOME e-Library Glossary ) instead of ‘illegal stay’ which was the term used in the Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive).

Employment of an illegally staying third-country national.

The term itself has been slightly modified from the Directive 2009/52/EC (Employer Sanctions Directive) definition in order to be more explicit.

All economic activities by workers and economic units that are – in law or in practice – not covered or insufficiently covered by formal arrangements.

An open and respectful exchange of views between individuals and groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the basis of mutual understanding and respect.

The determination of a person’s nationality on the basis of the nationality of their parents (or one parent or one particular parent) at the time of the target person’s birth and at the time of acquisition of nationality by the target person (the two points in time are different in cases of acquisition after birth).

Action of persons (EU nationals or legally resident third-country nationals ) undertaking their right to free movement by moving from one EU Member State to another.

A third-country national subject to a temporary secondment from an undertaking established outside the territory of a EU Member State and to which the third-country national is bound by a work contract to an entity belonging to the undertaking or to the same group of undertakings which is established inside this territory.

The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), liberalises trade in services, including the temporary movement of natural persons as service suppliers. Mode 4 refers to the presence of persons of one WTO member in the territory of another for the purpose of providing a service. It does not concern persons seeking access to the employment market in the host member, nor does it affect measures regarding citizenship, residence or employment on a permanent basis. For more information, see the website of the World Trade Organization.

A secure web-based information and coordination network for the rapid information exchange between EU Member States on irregular migration flows and phenomena, and the return of illegal residents.

A representative of one of the EU Member States, posted abroad by the immigration service or other competent authorities in order to establish and maintain contacts with the authorities of the host country with a view to contributing to the prevention and combating of irregular migration, the return of irregular migrants and the management of legal migration.

Programme to facilitate migration which is organised or supported with the assistance of a government, governments or an international organisation, as opposed to spontaneous migration, which is unaided.

A quota established for and by the country, normally for the purposes of labour migration, for the entry of immigrants.

In the EU context, such quotas are primarily used for third-country nationals only.

In the EU context, a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of EU Member States.

1. Art. 79(4) of the TFEU gives the legal base for Union activities on integration. The promotion of fundamental rights, non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all are key integration issues.
2. At EU level, integration policy is developed within the framework of Common Basic Principles – CBP (of which the broad definition above is the first one).
3. For more information, see European Website on Integration.