Glossary

The principle that there shall be no direct or indirect discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, sex, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.

Derived by EMN from Art. 2 of Council Directive 2000/43/EC (Racial Equality Directive) and Art. 13 of the Treaty of Amsterdam

The condition(s) or circumstance(s) that attract a migrant to another country.

Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011

The condition(s) or circumstance(s) in a country of origin that impel or stimulate emigration.

Derived by EMN from IOM Glossary on Migration, 2nd ed., 2011

Factors which initiate and influence the decision to migrate, either by attracting them to another country (pull factors) or by impelling or stimulating emigration (push factors).

Developed by EMN

Person recognised as a refugee, by a State or the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), on the basis of objective criteria related to the circumstances in their country of origin, which justify a presumption that they meet the criteria of the applicable refugee definition.

A process to strengthen cooperation in migration management between the European Union (EU) and 19 partner countries to the East (the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia and Southern Caucasus).

Joint Declaration from Prague Ministerial Conference

A policy or a programme providing advantages for certain groups of people who are seen to have traditionally been discriminated against, with the aim of creating a more egalitarian society.

Derived by EMN from the FRA (EUMC) Open Glossary (no longer available online)

Human rights abuses or other serious harm, often, but not always, with a systematic or repetitive element.

UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms

A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.

Derived by EMN from Art. 2(f) of Directive 2011/95/EC (Recast Qualification Directive)

A worker who, for a limited period, carries out his work in the territory of an EU Member State other than the State in which they normally work.

A posted worker is also one of the forms of ‘trade in services mode 4’ according to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).

(Temporary) suspension of removal of a third-country national who has received a return decision but whose removal is not possible either for humanitarian reasons (as their removal would violate the principle of non-refoulement or due to the third-country national’s physical state or mental capacity) or for technical reasons (such as lack of transport capacity or failure of the removal due to lack of identification or the country of origin’s refusal to accept the person) and for as long as a suspensory effect is granted in accordance with Art. 13(2) of Council Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive).

The inhabitants of a given area on a certain date (e.g. 1 January or 31 December) of the year in question.

The population is based either on data from the most recent census, adjusted by the components of population change produced since the last census, or on population registers.

A partnership contracted for the sole purpose of enabling one of the persons concerned to enter or reside in an EU Member State.

A person who has met the criteria of EU regulations and international Conventions but has not been formally identified by the relevant authorities (e.g. police) as a trafficking victim or has declined to be formally or legally identified as trafficked.

If a person is presumed to be a victim of trafficking in human beings, this does not rule out the possibility that the person’s status will later be assessed otherwise (i.e. not identified / confirmed as a victim).

A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and spirit of human rights, refugee and international humanitarian law.

Protection involves creating an environment conducive to respect for human beings, preventing and / or alleviating the immediate effects of a specific pattern of abuse, and restoring dignified conditions of life through reparation, restitution and rehabilitation.

A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.

In the EU asylum context , special guarantees addressing the legal rights of applicants for international protection as outlined in Chapter II of Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) and Art. 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights.

These guarantees comprise the following rights of applicants for international protection: access to the procedure for international protection; right to remain in the Member State pending the examination of the application for international protection; information on their rights and obligations in a language they understand; acess to interpreters; the opportunity to communicate with UNHCR or with any other organisation providing legal advice or other counselling; notice in reasonable time of the decision by the determining authority on their application; a personal interview, and free legal assistance and representation granted on request in the appeals procedures (including the preparation of the required procedural documents and participation in the hearing before a court or tribunal of first instance on behalf of the applicant.

A United Nations (UN) protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in human beings, especially women and children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols.