Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: действие на преследване
- CZ: akt pronásledování
- DE: Verfolgungshandlung
- EE: tagakiusamisakt
- EN: act of persecution
- ES: actos de persecución
- FI: vainoksi katsottavat teot
- FR: actes de persécution
- GA: gníomh géarleanúna (iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna)
- GR: πράξεις δίωξης
- HU: üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények
- IT: atti di persecuzione
- LT: persekiojimo veiksmas
- LV: vajāšanas darbība
- MT: Att ta’ persekuzzjoni
- NL: daden van vervolging
- NO: forfølgelseshandlinger (b) / forfølgingshandlingar (n)
- PL: prześladowanie
- PT: actos de perseguição
- RO: act de persecutie
- SE: förföljelse
- SK: čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania
- SL: dejanje preganjanja
In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, acts which are
(a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights; or
(b) an accumulation of various measures, including violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in (a).
a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence;
b) legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner;
c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory;
d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment;
e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art. 12(2);
(f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature.
- BG: престъпление срещу човечеството
- CZ: zločin proti lidskoti
- DE: Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit
- EE: inimsusevastane kuritegu
- EN: crime against humanity
- ES: crimen contra la humanidad
- FI: rikos ihmiskuntaa / ihmisyyttä vastaan
- FR: crime contre l’humanité
- GA: coir i gcoinne an chine dhaonna
- GR: έγκλημα κατά της ανθρωπότητας
- HU: emberiség elleni bűncselekmény
- IT: crimine contro l’umanità
- LT: nusikaltimas žmoniškumui
- LV: noziegums pret cilvēci
- MT: Reat kontra l-umanità
- NL: misdrijf tegen de menselijkheid
- NO: forbrytelse mot menneskeheten (b) / brotsverk mot menneskeslekta (n)
- PL: zbrodnia przeciwko ludzkości
- PT: crimes contra a humanidade
- RO: crimă împotriva umanităţii
- SE: brott mot mänskligheten
- SK: zločin proti ľudskosti
- SL: zločin proti človeštvu
Act committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack.
a) murder;
b) extermination;
c)enslavement;
d) deportation or forcible transfer of population;
e) imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;
f) torture;
g) rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilisation, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;
h) persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognised as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;
i)enforced disappearance of persons;
j) the crime of apartheid;
k) other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.
- BG: социален пол
- CZ: gender
- DE: soziales Geschlecht
- EE: sugu
- EN: gender
- ES: género
- FI: sukupuoli
- FR: genre
- GA: inscne
- GR: γένος
- HU: (társadalmi) nem(i szerep)
- IT: genere
- LT: lytis
- LV: dzimums
- MT: Ġeneru / Ġens / Sess
- NL: gender
- NO: kjønn
- PL: gender, płeć społeczno-kulturowa
- PT: género
- RO: gen
- SE: genus
- SK: rod
- SL: spol
The socially constructed attributes, roles, activities, responsibilities and needs predominantly connected to being male or female in given societies or communities at a given time.
2. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) use the following definition of 'gender identity': '"Each person's deeply felt internal and individual experience of gender, which may or may not correspond with the sex assigned at birth, including the personal sense of the body - which may involve, if chosen, modification of bodily appearance or function by medical, surgical or other means - and other expressions of gender, including of dress, speech and mannerism (see ICJ, Yogyakarta Principles - Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, ('Yogyakarta Principles'), March 2007 )
- BG: оценка на възрастта
- CZ: určení věku
- DE: Altersfeststellung
- EE: vanuse määramine
- EN: age assessment
- ES: determinación de la edad
- FI: iän määrittäminen / iän selvittäminen
- FR: détermination de l’âge
- GA: measúnú aoise
- GR: ektímisis tis ilikías
- HU: kormeghatározás
- IT: accertamento dell’età
- LT: amžiaus nustatymas
- LV: vecuma noteikšana
- MT: Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età
- NL: leeftijdsonderzoek
- NO: aldersvurdering
- PL: ustalenie / ocena wieku
- RO: evaluarea varstei
- SE: åldersbedömning
- SK: posúdenie veku
- SL: ocenjevanje starosti
Process by which authorities seek to establish the chronological age, or range of age, of a person in order to determine whether an individual is a child or not.
2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity.
3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination.