Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: детски труд
- CZ: dětská práce
- DE: Kinderarbeit
- EE: lapstööjõu kasutamine
- EN: child labour
- ES: trabajo infantil
- FI: lapsityö
- FR: travail des enfants
- GA: fostú leanaí
- GR: παιδική εργασία
- HU: gyerekmunka
- IT: lavoro infantile
- LT: vaikų darbas
- LV: bērnu darbs
- MT: Tħaddim ta’ tfal / ta’ minorenni // Sfruttament ta’ xogħol it-tfal
- NL: kinderarbeid
- NO: barnearbeid
- PL: praca dzieci
- PT: trabalho infantil
- RO: munca pentru copii
- SE: barnarbete
- SK: detská práca
- SL: delo otrok
Any work performed by a child which deprives them of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and mental development.
- depriving them of the opportunity to attend school;
- obliging them to leave school prematurely; or
requiring them to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
2. The ILO Convention No 138 specifies 15 years as the age above which, in normal circumstances, a person may participate in economic activity. According to Art. 32 of the Charter of Fundamentals Rights of the European Union, the employment of children is prohibited. The minimum age of admission to employment may not be lower than the minimum school-leaving age, without prejudice to such rules as may be more favourable to young people and except for limited derogations.
3. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. The ILO distinguishes between ‘child work’ and ‘child labour’, the latter being used to describe the more pejorative part of ‘child work’, whereas ‘child work’ in itself could include doing light household chores and, as long as it does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, can actually have some learning value.
- BG: дете
- CZ: dítě
- DE: Kind
- EE: laps
- EN: child
- ES: población infantil
- FI: lapsi
- FR: enfant
- GA: leanbh
- GR: παιδί
- HU: gyermek
- IT: bambino
- LT: vaikas
- LV: bērns
- MT: Tifel (Tifla) / Wild
- NL: kind
- NO: barn
- PL: dziecko
- PT: criança
- RO: copil
- SE: barn
- SK: dieťa
- SL: otrok
Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier or later.
2. The term should be used to describe the relationship with other family members. When referring to an individual and in a more legal context, the term minor should be used.
- BG: създаване на семейство
- CZ: sloučení rodiny
- DE: Familienangehöriger
- EE: pere loomise eesmärgil riiki sisenemine (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: family member
- ES: Miembro de la familia
- FI: perheenmuodostaminen
- FR: membre de la famille
- GA: foirmiú teaghlaigh
- GR: μέλος οικογένειας
- HU: családalapítás
- IT: componente familiare
- LT: šeimos narys
- LV: ģimenes apvienošana / ģimenes atkalapvienošana
- MT: Membru tal-familja
- NL: gezinslid
- NO: familiedannelse (b) / familiedanning (n)
- PL: założenie rodziny
- PT: membros da familia
- RO: membru de familie
- SE: familjebildning
- SK: založenie rodiny
- SL: ustanovitev družine
In the context of the Family Reunification Directive (Directive 2003/86(EC), a third-country national, as specified in Art. 4 of this Directive (normally members of the nuclear family – i.e. the spouse and the minor children), who has entered the territory of the European Union for the purpose of family reunification.
In the context of the Free Movement Directive (Directive 2004/38 EC):
(a) the spouse;
(b) the partner with whom the union citizen has contracted a registered partnership, on the basis of the legislation of a EU Member State, if the legislation of the host Member State treats registered partnerships as equivalent to marriage and in accordance with the conditions laid down in the relevant legislation of the host Member State;
(c) the direct descendants who are under the age of 21 or are dependants and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b);
(d) the dependent direct relatives in the ascending line and those of the spouse or partner as defined in point (b).
In the context of asylum , and in particular Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III Regulation), this means insofar as the family already existed in the country of origin, the following members of the applicant’s family who are present on the territory of the EU Member States:
a) the spouse of the applicant or their unmarried partner in a stable relationship, where the law or practice of the EU Member State concerned treats unmarried couples in a way comparable to married couples under its law relating to third-country nationals;
b) the minor children of couples referred to in the first indent or of the applicant, on condition that they are unmarried and regardless of whether they were born in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under national law;
c) when the applicant is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for the applicant, whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the adult is present;
d) when the beneficiary of international protection is a minor and unmarried, the father, mother or another adult responsible for them whether by law or by the practice of the Member State where the beneficiary is present.
Family reunification: Recital 9 and Art. 4 of Council Directive 2003/86/EC (Family Reunification Directive)
Free movement Art. 2(2) of Directive 2004/38/EC (Free Movement Directive)
- BG: семейно ядро
- CZ: jádro rodiny
- DE: Kernfamilie
- EE: tuumikperekond
- EN: nuclear family
- ES: familia nuclear
- FI: ydinperhe
- FR: famille nucléaire
- GA: teaghlach núicléach
- GR: πυρήνας Οικογένειας
- HU: nukleáris család
- IT: famiglia nucleare
- LT: šeimos branduolys
- LV: nukleārā ģimene
- MT: Familja nukleari
- NL: kerngezin
- NO: kjernefamilie
- PL: rodzina nuklearna
- PT: núcleo familiar
- RO: familie nucleară
- SE: kärnfamilj
- SK: užšia rodina
- SL: osnovna družina
The spouse and the minor children of a family.
This definition refers specifically to the context of family reunification only.
- BG: действие на преследване
- CZ: akt pronásledování
- DE: Verfolgungshandlung
- EE: tagakiusamisakt
- EN: act of persecution
- ES: actos de persecución
- FI: vainoksi katsottavat teot
- FR: actes de persécution
- GA: gníomh géarleanúna (iolra: gníomhartha géarleanúna)
- GR: πράξεις δίωξης
- HU: üldöz(tet)ésnek minősülő cselekmények
- IT: atti di persecuzione
- LT: persekiojimo veiksmas
- LV: vajāšanas darbība
- MT: Att ta’ persekuzzjoni
- NL: daden van vervolging
- NO: forfølgelseshandlinger (b) / forfølgingshandlingar (n)
- PL: prześladowanie
- PT: actos de perseguição
- RO: act de persecutie
- SE: förföljelse
- SK: čin prenasledovania / akt prenasledovania
- SL: dejanje preganjanja
In the EU context and within the meaning of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, acts which are
(a) sufficiently serious by their nature or repetition as to constitute a severe violation of basic human rights, in particular the rights from which derogation cannot be made under Art. 15(2) of the European Convention on Human Rights; or
(b) an accumulation of various measures, including violation of human rights which is sufficiently severe as to affect an individual in a similar manner as mentioned in (a).
a) acts of physical or mental violence, including acts of sexual violence;
b) legal, administrative, police, and/or judicial measures which are in themselves discriminatory or which are implemented in a discriminatory manner;
c) prosecution or punishment which is disproportionate or discriminatory;
d) denial of judicial redress resulting in a disproportionate or discriminatory punishment;
e) prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts falling within the scope of the grounds for exclusion as set out in Art. 12(2);
(f) acts of a gender-specific or child-specific nature.
- BG: уязвимо лице
- CZ: zranitelná osoba
- DE: schutzbedürftige Person
- EE: haavatav isik
- EN: vulnerable person
- ES: persona vulnerable
- FI: haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkilö
- FR: personne vulnérable
- GA: duine soghonta
- GR: ευάλωτο άτομο
- HU: sérülékeny (csoporthoz tartozó) személy
- IT: persona vulnerabile
- LT: pažeidžiamas asmuo
- LV: mazāk aizsargāta persona
- MT: Persuna vulnerabbli
- NL: kwetsbaar persoon
- NO: sårbar person
- PL: osoba szczególnej troski
- PT: pessoa vulnerável
- RO: persoană vulnerabilă
- SE: utsatt person
- SK: zraniteľná osoba
- SL: ranljiva oseba
Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with minor children, victims of trafficking in human beings, persons with serious illnesses, persons with mental disorders and persons who have been subjected to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence, such as victims of female genital mutilation.
2. Some directives use narrower definitions such as in its Art. 3(9) Directive 2008/115/EG (Return Directive).
- BG: непълнолетно лице
- CZ: nezletilý
- DE: Minderjähriger
- EE: alaealine
- EN: minor
- ES: menor
- FI: alaikäinen
- FR: mineur
- GA: mionaoiseach
- GR: ανήλικος
- HU: kiskorú
- IT: minorenne
- LT: nepilnametis
- LV: nepilngadīgais
- MT: Minorenni
- NL: minderjarige
- NO: mindreårig
- PL: małoletni
- PT: menor
- RO: minor
- SE: underårig
- SK: maloletý
- SL: mladoletnik
In a legal context and in contrast to a child, a person who, according to the law of their respective country, is under the age of majority, i.e. is not yet entitled to exercise specific civil and political rights.
2. The age specified by law, called the ‘legal age of majority’, indicates that a person acquires full legal capacity to be bound by various documents, such as contracts and deeds, that they make with others and to commit other legal acts such as voting in elections and entering marriage. The age at which a person becomes an adult varies from State to State and often varies within a State, depending upon the nature of the action taken by the person.
- BG: невярна декларация за родителство
- CZ: falešné prohlášení rodičovství
- DE: falsche Erklärung der Elternschaft / falsche Elternschaftsangabe
- EE: põlvnemise kohta valeandmete esitamine
- EN: false declaration of parenthood
- ES: declaraciÓn falsa de paternidad / maternidad
- FI: valheellinen vanhemmuuden ilmoittaminen
- FR: fausse déclaration de parentalité
- GA: bréagdhearbhú tuismíochta
- HU: hamis szülői nyilatkozat
- IT: falsa dichiarazione di filiazione
- LT: melagingas tėvystės pripažinimas
- LV: vecāku statusa viltus reģistrēšana
- MT: Dikjarazzjoni falza ta’ maternità u / jew paternità
- NL: valse ouderschapsverklaring
- NO: falsk vedgåelse av foreldreskap (b) / falsk vedgåing av foreldreskap (n)
- PL: fałszywe oświadczenie o uznaniu rodzicielstwa
- PT: falsas declarações parentesco
- RO: declaraţie de paternitate falsă
- SE: osant intygande om föräldraskap
- SK: falošné prehlásenie rodičovstva
- SL: lažna izjava o starševstvu
- BG: осиновяване
- CZ: osvojení
- DE: Adoption
- EE: lapsendamine
- EN: adoption (of a child)
- ES: adopción
- FI: adoptio
- FR: adoption
- GA: uchtú; uchtáil
- GR: υιοθεσία
- HU: örökbefogadás
- IT: adozione
- LT: įvaikinimas
- LV: adopcija
- MT: Addozzjoni
- NL: adoptie
- NO: adopsjon
- PL: adopcja
- PT: adopção
- RO: adoptare
- SE: adoption
- SK: osvojenie / adopcia
- SL: posvojitev
In the context of dependants, the statutory process of terminating legal rights and duties between the child and the natural parents, and substituting similar rights and duties between the child and the adoptive parents.
- BG: vertimo nėra
- CZ: účelové osvojení
- DE: Scheinadoption
- EE: mugavuslapsendamine
- EN: adoption of convenience
- ES: adopción de conveniencia
- FI: harhautustarkoituksessa toteutettu adoptio
- FR: adoption de complaisance
- GA: uchtú áise
- GR: εικονικού υιοθεσιών / υιοθεσιών της εύκολα
- HU: névleges örökbefogadás
- IT: adozione fittizia
- LT: fiktyvus įvaikinimas
- LV: fiktīva adopcija
- MT: Addozzjoni ta’ konvenjenza
- NL: schijnadoptie
- NO: proformaadopsjon
- PL: adopcja fikcyjna
- PT: adopção de conveniência
- RO: adoptie de convenienta
- SE: skenadoption
- SK: účelové osvojenie
- SL: posvojitev iz koristoljubja
An adoption (of a child) contracted for the sole purpose of enabling the person adopted to enter or reside in an EU Member State.
- BG: представител
- CZ: zástupce
- DE: Vertreter (EU acquis) / Stellvertreter (DE)
- EE: esindaja
- EN: representative
- ES: representante legal
- FI: edustaja
- FR: représentant
- GA: ionadaí
- GR: εκπρόσωπος
- HU: ügygondnok
- IT: rappresentante
- LT: atstovas
- LV: pārstāvis
- MT: Rappreżentant legali // Kuratur legali
- NL: vertegenwoordiger
- NO: verge
- PL: przedstawiciel
- PT: representante legal
- RO: reprezentant legal
- SE: företrädare
- SK: zástupca
- SL: predstavnik / zastopnik
A person or an organisation appointed by the competent bodies in order to assist and represent an unaccompanied minor in procedures provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) with a view to ensuring the best interests of the child and exercising legal capacity for the minor where necessary.
Where an organisation is appointed as a representative, it shall designate a person responsible for carrying out the duties of representative in respect of the unaccompanied minor.
- BG: no translation
- CZ: nezletilý bez doprovodu
- DE: alleinstehendes Kind
- EE: vanematest eraldatud laps
- EN: separated child
- ES: menor separado
- FI: huoltajasta erilleen joutunut lapsi
- FR: enfant séparé
- GA: páiste dealaithe
- GR: παιδί (αποχωρισμένο από την οικογένεια)
- HU: kísérő nélküli kiskorú
- IT: minore separato
- LT: atskirtas nuo tėvų vaikas
- LV: bez vecāku vai aizbildņu gādības palicis bērns
- MT: Tifel /Tifla mifrud(a) // separat(a)
- NL: alleenstaand kind
- NO: enslig barn (b) / einsleg barn (n)
- PL: małoletni bez opieki
- PT: criança separada
- RO: minor neînsoţit / separat
- SE: separerade barn
- SK: odlúčené dieťa
- SL: otrok brez spremstva
A child under 18 years of age who is outside their country of origin and separated from both parents or their previous legal / customary primary caregiver.
A child may be totally alone while another may be living with extended family members. All such children are separated children and entitled to international protection under a broad range of international and regional instruments.
- BG: Протоколът от Палермо
- CZ: Palermská úmluva
- DE: Palermo-Protokoll
- EE: Palermo protokoll
- EN: Palermo Protocol
- ES: Protocolo de Palermo
- FI: Palermon pöytäkirja
- FR: Protocole de Palerme
- GA: Prótacal Palermo
- GR: Πρωτόκολλο του Παλέρμο
- HU: Palermói Jegyzőkönyv
- IT: Protocollo di Palermo
- LT: Palermo protokolas
- LV: Palermo protokols
- MT: Protokoll (Il-) ta’ Palermo
- NL: Protocol van Palermo
- NO: Palermo-protokollen
- PL: Protokół z Palermo
- PT: Protocolo de Palermo
- RO: Protocolul de la Palermo
- SE: Palermoprotokollet
- SK: Palermský protokol
- SL: Palermski protokol
A United Nations (UN) protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in human beings, especially women and children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols.
- BG: геноцид
- CZ: genocida
- DE: Völkermord
- EE: genotsiid
- EN: genocide
- ES: genocidio
- FI: kansanmurha / joukkotuhonta
- FR: génocide
- GA: cinedhíothú
- GR: γενοκτονία
- HU: népirtás
- IT: genocidio
- LT: genocidas
- LV: genocīds
- MT: Ġenoċidju
- NL: genocide (syn. volkerenmoord)
- NO: folkemord
- PL: ludobójstwo
- PT: genocídio
- RO: genocid
- SE: folkmord
- SK: genocída
- SL: genocid
An act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.
(a) killing members of the group;
(b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
2. The definition is also outlined in Art. 6 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.
- BG: Партньорство за миграция, мобилност и заетост между страните на Африка и ЕС
- CZ: Partnerství EU-Afrika pro migraci, mobilitu a zaměstnanost
- DE: Afrika-EU Partnerschaft in den Bereichen Migration, Mobilität und Beschäftigung
- EE: Aafrika-EL migratsiooni, mobiilsuse ja tööhõive partnerlus
- EN: Africa-EU Migration, Mobility and Employment Partnership
- ES: Asociación África-UE sobre migración, movilidad y empleo
- FI: Afrikan ja EU:n kumppanuus muuttoliikkeen, liikkuvuuden ja työllisyyden aloilla
- FR: Partenariat Afrique-UE sur les migrations, la mobilité et l’emploi
- GA: Comhpháirtíocht an AE agus na hAfraice maidir le hImirce, Soghluaisteacht agus Fostaíocht
- GR: και της εταιρικής σχέσης Αφρικής-ΕΕ για την μετανάστευση την κινητικότητα και την απασχόληση
- HU: Afrika-EU közötti Migrációs, Mobilitási és Foglalkoztatási Partnerség
- IT: Partenariato Africa-UE in materia di Migrazione, Mobilità e Occupazione
- LT: Afrikos ir ES partnerystė migracijos, judumo ir užimtumo srityse
- LV: Āfrikas un ES Migrācijas, mobilitātes un nodarbinātības partnerība
- MT: Sħubija bejn l-Afrika u l-UE dwar Migrazzjoni, Mobilità u Impiegi
- NL: Afrika-EU-Partnerschap inzake migratie, mobiliteit en werkgelegenheid
- NO: Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsettingspartnerskap (b) / Afrika–EU migrasjons-, mobilitets- og sysselsetjingspartnarskap
- PL: Partnerstwo UE-Afryka na rzecz migracji, mobilności i zatrudnienia
- PT: Parceria Africa-UE para as migrações, mobilidade e emprego
- RO: Parteneriatul Africa-EU cu privire la migraţie. mobilitate şi angajare
- SE: MME-partnerskapet (migration, rörlighet och sysselsättning)
- SK: Partnesrtvo Afrika - EÚ v oblasti migrácie, mobility a zamestnanosti
- SL: Afrika - EU Partnerstvo za migracije, mobilnost in zaposlovanje
A partnership that provides comprehensive responses to the issues of migration, mobility and employment, in the interest of all partners, with the particular objectives to create more and better jobs for Africa and to better manage migration flows.
2. The partnership aims to ensure sustainable development and the implementation of relevant international agreements and declarations, relying in particular on the Tripoli Declaration on Migration and Development, the Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, especially Women and Children and the Ouagadougou Declaration and Plan of Action for Promotion of Employment and Poverty Alleviation.
3. It covers one of the eight areas of cooperation of the Africa-EU (Strategic) Partnership, which is the formal channel through which the European Union and the African Union work together, and which provides the overarching long-term framework for Africa-EU relations.
4. For more information, see the webpage of the Africa-EU Partnership.
- BG: оценка на възрастта
- CZ: určení věku
- DE: Altersfeststellung
- EE: vanuse määramine
- EN: age assessment
- ES: determinación de la edad
- FI: iän määrittäminen / iän selvittäminen
- FR: détermination de l’âge
- GA: measúnú aoise
- GR: ektímisis tis ilikías
- HU: kormeghatározás
- IT: accertamento dell’età
- LT: amžiaus nustatymas
- LV: vecuma noteikšana
- MT: Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età
- NL: leeftijdsonderzoek
- NO: aldersvurdering
- PL: ustalenie / ocena wieku
- RO: evaluarea varstei
- SE: åldersbedömning
- SK: posúdenie veku
- SL: ocenjevanje starosti
Process by which authorities seek to establish the chronological age, or range of age, of a person in order to determine whether an individual is a child or not.
2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity.
3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination.
- BG: детегледачка
- CZ: au pair
- DE: Au-pair
- EE: au pair lapsehoidja
- EN: au pair
- ES: au pair
- FI: au pair
- FR: au pair
- GA: au pair
- GR: εσωτερικός άμισθος βοηθός (au pair)
- HU: au pair
- IT: persona collocata alla pari
- LT: au pair auklė
- LV: viesaukle
- MT: au pair
- NL: au pair
- NO: au pair
- PL: au pair
- PT: au pair
- RO: lucrator „au pair”
- SE: au pair
- SK: au pair / au-pair
- SL: varuška
A third-country national who is temporarily received by a family in the territory of an EU Member State in exchange for light housework and taking care of children in order to improve their linguistic skills and knowledge of the host country.
- BG: Среща Азия-Европа
- CZ: Asijsko-evropské setkání
- DE: Asien-Europa-Treffen
- EE: Aasia-Euroopa kohtumine
- EN: Asia-Europe Meeting
- ES: Conferencia Asia-Europa
- FI: Aasian ja Euroopan yhteistyöfoorumi
- FR: Réunion Asie-Europe
- GA: Cruinniú den Áis agus den Eoraip
- GR: Διάσκεψη Ασίας – Ευρώπης
- HU: Ázsia-Európa Találkozó
- IT: Meeting Asia-Europa
- LT: Azijos ir Europos susitikimas
- LV: Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksme
- MT: Inkontru (L-) Asja-Ewropa (IAsE)
- NL: Asia-Europe Meeting
- NO: Asia-Europe Meeting
- PL: Asia-Europe Meeting
- PT: Cimeira Ásia-Europa
- RO: Reuniunea Asia Europa
- SE: Asia-Europe Meeting
- SK: Fórum Ázia - Európa
- SL: Azijsko - Evropski sestanek
2. In the political field, areas of common interest include the fight against terrorism or the management of migration flows; discussions on human rights, on the protection of children, and on the impact of globalisation.
3. For more information, see: http://www.aseminfoboard.org/.